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  • 一般情况下，高容量 MLCC 规格书(Specsheet)中标注的标称容量(Nominal Capacitance)大多是在 120Hz/0.5Vrms 或 1kHz/1Vrms 等静态低频环境下测得的数值。

    然而，现代电子产品中搭载的 AP 和 CPU 的工作频率已跨越至 GHz 级别，PMIC 及 DC-DC 转换器的频率也涵盖数百 kHz 至 MHz 频段。因此，除了 1kHz/1Vrms 这种静态条件下的规格容量值之外，近期行业内对于 MLCC 在 MHz~GHz 频段阻抗线上如何响应的关注度显著增加。

    但在高频区域，要在 MLCC 两端持续施加 1Vrms 的恒定电压，不仅需要极大的电流源，而且在快速变化的高频下完美测量电压和电流几乎是不可能的。

    因此，高频特性的测量采用了矢量网络分析仪(VNA, Vector Network Analyzer)。VNA 通过发送功率单位的小信号(Small Signal), 利用反射和透射信号的幅度与相位差来测量 MLCC 的高频特性，这与实际电路中 MLCC 对噪声(Noise)信号的响应行为非常相似。 (※ 信号的电压幅度可能会根据测量频率、线路阻抗以及 MLCC 本身的阻抗而有所变化。)

    综上所述，规格书中标注的标称容量是使用 LCR 测试仪的恒压源(1Vrms/0.5Vrms)这一相对较大信号测得的容量值。而 Effective Capacitance 图表中显示的容量值则是使用 VNA 的电源测得的阻抗特性，其趋势与在数十 mVrms 级别微小信号下测得的容量非常相似。

    以 1005 尺寸 1µF 的产品为例，在 AC 电压特性(AC Voltage Characteristics)图表中，1kHz, 1Vrms 条件下的容量为 1.0µF，但在 1kHz, 10mVrms 条件下则降至约 0.77µF，这与 Effective Capacitance 图表中显示的 0.78µF 非常接近。


     


     

     

    实际上，在 VNA 环境（0dBm, 100kHz）下测量 1µF MLCC 的响应特性并观察电压波形时，可以看到实际施加的电压约为 15mVrms。



     

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